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Manual:Cara mengawakekutu

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This page is a translated version of the page Manual:How to debug and the translation is 36% complete.
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Halaman ini memberikan pengantar dasar untuk mengawakutu perangkat lunak MediaWiki.

Salah satu hal pertama yang akan Anda sadari adalah "echo" biasanya tidak bekerja; ini merupakan bagian dari desain umumnya.

There are several configuration options to aid debugging. The following are all false by default. Enable them by setting them to true in your LocalSettings.php :

Example line to be added in your LocalSettings.php : 

$wgShowExceptionDetails = true;

Galat PHP

Untuk melihat galat PHP, tambahkan ini ke baris kedua dari atas (tepat di bawah <?php) di LocalSettings.php : 

error_reporting( -1 );
ini_set( 'display_errors', 1 );

Atau tetapkan di php.ini : 

error_reporting = E_ALL
display_errors = On

Atau tetapkan di .htaccess: 

php_value error_reporting -1
php_flag display_errors On

Ini akan menyebabkan galat PHP ditampilkan di halaman. Ini bisa mempermudah penyerang mencari cara masuk ke peladen Anda, jadi matikanlah ketika Anda telah menemukan masalahnya.

Ingatlah bahwa galat PHP yang fatal mungkin terjadi sebelum baris di atas dieksekusi, atau mungkin menyebabkan baris tersebut tidak bisa ditampilkan. Galat PHP fatal biasanya dicatat di log galat Apache – periksa pengaturan [$errorlog error_log] di php.ini (atau gunakan [$phpinfo phpinfo()]). Fatal PHP errors are usually logged to Apache's error log – check the error_log setting in php.ini (or use phpinfo()).

Mengubah display_startup_errors ke on

Some providers turn display_startup_errors off, which hides the errors even if you raise the error_reporting level. Turning it on within the program is too late! Instead you'll have to create a wrapper file around your file. In the case of MediaWiki you can just add this on top of mediawiki/index.php: 

--- index.php
    error_reporting( -1 );
    ini_set( 'display_startup_errors', 1 );
    ini_set( 'display_errors', 1 );

Pada lingkungan lain: 

--- myTestFile.php
    error_reporting( -1 );
    ini_set( 'display_startup_errors', 1 );
    ini_set( 'display_errors', 1 );
    require 'your_file.php';

Galat SQL

To log all SQL queries, rather than just the one that raised the exception, set $wgDebugDumpSql in LocalSettings.php: 

$wgDebugDumpSql = true;
Versi MediaWiki:
1.16 – 1.31

Prior to MediaWiki 1.32, you needed to set $wgShowSQLErrors and $wgShowDBErrorBacktrace to see details of database exceptions in the HTML output: 

$wgShowSQLErrors = true;
$wgShowDBErrorBacktrace = true;

Pengawakekutuan mendalam

Pengawakekutu

You can debug your code step-by-step with XDebug . For some common setups, see:

MediaWiki-Vagrant has built in settings for this. If you're not using MediaWiki-Vagrant, but your setup is similar, you can reuse those values. In some cases (e.g. due to a firewall), you may have to use the IDE on the same machine as the web server. In this case, simply set: 

xdebug.remote_enable = 1
xdebug.remote_host = 'localhost'

See the XDebug documentation for more information.

To debug a command-line script (e.g. PHPUnit, or a maintenance script) on MediaWiki-Vagrant, use: 

xdebug_on; php /vagrant/mediawiki/path/to/script.php --wiki=wiki ; xdebug_off

Adjust the script, parameters, and remote host (it should be the IP of the computer where your IP is, 10.0.2.2 should work for MediaWiki-Vagrant) as needed.

Pengelogan

For much greater detail, you need to profile and log errors.

The instructions below are only valid for the default configuration. If you change $wgMWLoggerDefaultSpi , for example to enable the psr3 role on a vagrant box, these settings will probably be ignored. In this case, see the documentation of your logger, for example, Manual:MonologSpi .

Mempersiapkan berkas log awakekutu

To save errors and debugging information to a log, add $wgDebugLogFile to the LocalSettings.php file. Change the value to a text file where you want to save the debug trace output.

The MediaWiki software must have permissions from your operating system to create and write to this file, for example in a default Ubuntu install it runs as user & group www-data:www-data. Here's a sample setting: 

/**
 * The debug log file must never be publicly accessible because it contains private data.
 * But ensure that the directory is writeable by the PHP script running within your Web server.
 * The filename is with the database name of the wiki.
 */
$wgDebugLogFile = "/var/log/mediawiki/debug-{$wgDBname}.log";

This file will contain much debug information from MediaWiki core and extensions. Some subsystems write to custom logs, see #Creating a custom log file to capture their output.


Peringatan Peringatan The debug log file can contain private information such as login credentials, session cookies, and values of submitted forms. If this information is publicly accessible, attackers can use it to hack and compromise your machine and user account. If you need to share a debug log for diagnostic purposes, access the wiki without being logged in, and remove from the debug log any COOKIE lines, and don't capture any login attempt.

Menciptakan berkas log ubahsuaian

Versi MediaWiki:
≤ 1.31

Prior to MediaWiki 1.32, to create a custom log file that only holds your specific debug statements, use the wfErrorLog() function. This function takes two arguments, the text string to log and the path to the log file: 

wfErrorLog( "An error occurred.\n", '/var/log/mediawiki/my-custom-debug.log' );

Menciptakan kelompok log ubahsuaian

If you're debugging several different components, it may be useful to direct certain log groups to write to a separate file. See $wgDebugLogGroups for more information.

To set up custom log groups, use the following to LocalSettings.php: 

/**
 * The debug log file should not be publicly accessible if it is used, as it
 * may contain private data. However, it must be in a directory to which PHP run
 * within your web server can write.
 *
 * Contrary to wgDebugLogFile, it is not necessary to include a wiki-id in these log file names
 * if you have multiple wikis. These log entries are prefixed with sufficient information to
 * identify the relevant wiki (web server hostname and wiki-id).
 */

// Groups from MediaWiki core
$wgDBerrorLog = '/var/log/mediawiki/dberror.log';
$wgDebugLogGroups = array(
	'exception' => '/var/log/mediawiki/exception.log',
	'resourceloader' => '/var/log/mediawiki/resourceloader.log',
	'ratelimit' => '/var/log/mediawiki/ratelimit.log',

	// Extra log groups from your extension
	#'myextension' => '/var/log/mediawiki/myextension.log',
	#'somegroup' => '/var/log/mediawiki/somegroup.log',
);

To log to one of these groups, call wfDebugLog like this: 

if ( $module->hasFailed ) {
    wfDebugLog( 'myextension', "Something is not right, module {$module->name} failed." );
}
If you have carefully followed the instructions above but nothing gets written to your logging file(s), and if your system is using SELinux, have a look at the logging section on the SELinux page to get around this SELinux context issue.
Writing log files to the /tmp directory may not generate any log file at all, even if the /tmp directory is supposed to be writable by anyone. This could happen if your system is using one of the systemd features that create a virtual /tmp directory for that process. If that's the case, configure your log file to be written into a different directory, like /var/log/mediawiki

Pengelogan terstruktur

Versi MediaWiki:
≥ 1.25

Structured logging allows you to include fields in your log records. See Structured logging for more information.

You will need to configure a better logger to collect the extra fields, for example Monolog.

JavaScript error logging

Versi MediaWiki:
≥ 1.36

See the documentation of the mediawiki.errorLogger ResourceLoader module.

Statistik

Advanced client-side logging can be performed with Extension:EventLogging , which requires a complex setup and careful inspection of privacy issues.

Simple counting of certain kind of events is possible (since MediaWiki 1.25) using StatsD. StatsD offers meters, gauges, counters, and timing metrics.

Contoh penggunaan: 

$stats = $context->getStats();
$stats->increment( 'resourceloader.cache.hits' );
$stats->timing( 'resourceloader.cache.rtt', $rtt );

The metrics can be sent to a StatsD server, which may be specified via the wgStatsdServer configuration variable. (If not set, the metrics are discarded.) You can work with StatsD locally (without needing a Graphite server) by starting a StatsD server and configuring it with the "backends/console" backend, which will output metrics to the console.

As of MediaWiki 1.25, wfIncrStats() is a shortcut for the increment() method on the main RequestContext::getStats() instance.

Mengirimkan data awakekutu ke sebuah komentar HTML pada keluaran

This may occasionally be useful when supporting a non-technical end-user. It's more secure than exposing the debug log file to the web, since the output only contains private data for the current user. But it's not ideal for development use since data is lost on fatal errors and redirects. Use on production sites is not recommended. Debug comments reveal information in page views which could potentially expose security risks. 

$wgDebugComments = true;

Bekerja secara langsung dengan objek MediaWiki

eval.php is an interactive script to evaluate and interact with MediaWiki objects and functions in a fully initialized environment. 

 $ php maintenance/eval.php
 > print wfMessage("Recentchanges")->plain();
 Recent changes

The MediaWiki-Vagrant portable virtual machine integrates the interactive PHP shell phpsh (when using Zend).

Pembaruan yang dapat dipanggil

Code embedded in the DeferredUpdates::addCallableUpdate() function, such as $rc->save() in RecentChange.php, is not executed during the web request, so no error message will be displayed if it fails. For debugging, it may be helpful to temporarily remove the code from within the function so that it is executed live.

Interactive shell

You can use shell.php as a PHP REPL with full access to MediaWiki internals.

Pengawakutuan sisi klien (JavaScript)

Wikipedia menyediakan beragam peralatan untuk mengawakutu JavaScript sisi klien. Selain peralatan MediaWiki, tersedia pula teknik-teknik lain untuk membantu mendiagnosis interaksi klien.

Perkakas:

  • Bukan konsol penjelajah Anda. Banyak skrip mediawiki sisi klien mencatat pesan galat di konsol menggunakan ResourceLoader, yang menyediakan cara berorientasi keamanan untuk mencatat ke konsol klien. Selain fungsi log JavaScript bawaan, ResourceLoader menyediakan pemeriksaan apakah konsol tersedia dan proses log tidak menyebabkan galat juga. ResourceLoader/Arsitektur#Debug_mode juga menjelaskan fitur ini.
  • Peralatan penjelajah mungkin menyediakan fungsionalitas bawaan untuk mengawakutu skrip sisi klien.
  • Network tracers, like Wireshark can provide insight into the script that is being provided by a page.

Lihat pula

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