Okay, I disabled all my extensions, even returned my localsettings file to the auto-generated settings, but it didn't help.
It's weird, I tried looking in my mysql database for rc_moved_to_ns, but I couldn't find it, so I don't even know why it's saying that column is causing an error, it apparently doesn't even exist. But, it's also entirely possible that I somehow searched for it wrong, since I usually don't mess with the database too much so I'm still somewhat inexperienced with it.
Someone else said it may be that my database is just corrupted and that I may have to set it back up from scratch (luckily I did make a backup). Thoughts?
Another thing I noticed was that there was an image in my that I had tried uploading while I was having the previous image problem, but that had failed to upload... well, apparently, it somehow managed to generate an image page, but without the image. I've tried deleting it, but I can't, I get the following error:
A database error has occurred. Did you forget to run maintenance/update.php after upgrading? See: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Upgrading#Run_the_update_script
Query: INSERT INTO `recentchanges` (rc_timestamp,rc_cur_time,rc_namespace,rc_title,rc_type,rc_minor,rc_cur_id,rc_user,rc_user_text,rc_comment,rc_this_oldid,rc_last_oldid,rc_bot,rc_moved_to_ns,rc_moved_to_title,rc_ip,rc_patrolled,rc_new,rc_old_len,rc_new_len,rc_deleted,rc_logid,rc_log_type,rc_log_action,rc_params,rc_id) VALUES ('20121106052549','20121106052549','6','Regular_Show-_Wrinkles_and_Folds.jpg','3','0','0','1','Admin','content was: \"=={{int:filedesc}}== {{Information |description={{en|1=regular show hat}} |date=2012-08-06 |source={{own}} |author=[[User:Admin|Admin]] |permission= |other_versions= ...\" (and the only contributor was \"[[Special:Contributions/Admin|Admin]]\")','0','0','0','0','','127.0.0.1','1','0',NULL,NULL,'0','4274','delete','delete','a:0:{}',NULL)
Function: RecentChange::save
Error: 1054 Unknown column 'rc_moved_to_ns' in 'field list' (localhost)
(Heck, I just ran update.php again, just to be sure, and I still get that message when I try to delete it. Maybe the file is corrupted? And it's corrupting the rest of the database?)