There's no way to stop extensions from just using whatever they want. And extensions have already used ranges all over the place. This page is just a registry of defaults already in use. It's simply here so extensions can use defaults that in theory don't already conflict with another extension.
Extensions should come with a way to configure the namespaces used. So just go ahead and define your namespaces wherever you want. Most sites use 100-199 for their site namespaces. Or you could use 3000+ if you felt like it. If you do install an extension that happens to use a default namespace that conflicts with one you already have just then just use the extension's configuration to explicitly tell it another namespace number to use instead.
Ideally in the future there will be no need for any sort of ranges at all. We'll just have MediaWiki automatically assign namespace numbers. Extensions will register namespaces using a named key like 'ext.gadgets.gadget'. And you'll be able to define your site namespaces using a special page.