API:สร้างบัญชี
 | This page is part of the MediaWiki Action API documentation. |
| เวอร์ชันมีเดียวิกิ: | ≥ 1.27 |
หน้านี้จัดทำเอกสารเกี่ยวกับ API การสร้างบัญชีเนื่องจากมีเดียวิกิ 1.27 (MediaWiki 1.27) เอกสาร (Documentation) ของ API ตามที่มีอยู่ในเวอร์ชันก่อนหน้าสามารถดูได้ที่นี่: Api:Account creation/pre-1.27
API documentation
การสร้างบัญชี (account)
กระบวนการมีสามขั้นตอนทั่วไป:
- ดึง (Fetch) ฟิลด์ (fields) จาก API:Authmanagerinfo และโทเค็น (token) จาก API:Tokens
- ส่งคำขอ POST ด้วยโทเค็นที่ดึงมา ข้อมูลผู้ใช้ และฟิลด์อื่นๆ และส่งคืน URL ไปยัง API
- Deal with the response, which might involve further POST requests to supply more information.
Example 1: Process on a wiki without special authentication extensions
A wiki without special authentication extensions can be rather straightforward. If your code knows which fields will be required, it might skip the call to API:Authmanagerinfo and just assume which fields will be needed (i.e. username, password & retyped password, email, possibly realname).
If you are creating an account for someone else, you'll need to specify a reason for the same by including a
reason parameter to the POST request. You could also use mailpassword in place of password and retype parameters to have MediaWiki send the new user a temporary password via email.POST request
Response
{
"createaccount": {
"status": "PASS",
"username": "Zane"
}
}
รหัสตัวอย่าง
Python
#!/usr/bin/python3
"""
create_account.py
MediaWiki API Demos
Demo of `createaccount` module: Create an account on a wiki without the
special authentication extensions
MIT license
"""
import requests
S = requests.Session()
WIKI_URL = "http://dev.wiki.local.wmftest.net:8080"
API_ENDPOINT = WIKI_URL + "/w/api.php"
# First step
# Retrieve account creation token from `tokens` module
PARAMS_0 = {
'action':"query",
'meta':"tokens",
'type':"createaccount",
'format':"json"
}
R = S.get(url=API_ENDPOINT, params=PARAMS_0)
DATA = R.json()
TOKEN = DATA['query']['tokens']['createaccounttoken']
# Second step
# Send a post request with the fetched token and other data (user information,
# return URL, etc.) to the API to create an account
PARAMS_1 = {
'action': "createaccount",
'createtoken': TOKEN,
'username': 'your_username',
'password': 'your_password',
'retype': 'retype_your_password',
'createreturnurl': WIKI_URL,
'format': "json"
}
R = S.post(API_ENDPOINT, data=PARAMS_1)
DATA = R.json()
print(DATA)
PHP
<?php
/*
create_account.php
MediaWiki API Demos
Demo of `createaccount` module: Create an account on a wiki without the
special authentication extensions
MIT license
*/
$wikiUrl = "http://dev.wiki.local.wmftest.net:8080";
$endPoint = $wikiUrl . "/w/api.php";
$createAccount_Token = getCreateAccountToken(); // Step 1
createAccount( $createAccount_Token ); // Step 2
// Step 1: GET request to fetch createaccount token
function getCreateAccountToken() {
global $endPoint;
$params1 = [
"action" => "query",
"meta" => "tokens",
"type" => "createaccount",
"format" => "json"
];
$url = $endPoint . "?" . http_build_query( $params1 );
$ch = curl_init( $url );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cookie.txt" );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cookie.txt" );
$output = curl_exec( $ch );
curl_close( $ch );
$result = json_decode( $output, true );
return $result["query"]["tokens"]["createaccounttoken"];
}
// Step 2: POST request with the fetched token and other data (user information,
// return URL, etc.) to the API to create an account
function createAccount( $createAccount_Token ) {
global $endPoint, $wikiUrl;
$params2 = [
"action" => "createaccount",
"createtoken" => $createAccount_Token,
"username" => "your_username",
"password" => "your_password",
"retype" => "retype_your_password",
"createreturnurl" => $wikiUrl,
"format" => "json"
];
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_URL, $endPoint );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_POST, true );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query( $params2 ) );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cookie.txt" );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cookie.txt" );
$output = curl_exec( $ch );
curl_close( $ch );
echo( $output );
}
JavaScript
/*
create_account.js
MediaWiki API Demos
Demo of `createaccount` module: Create an account on a wiki without the
special authentication extensions
MIT license
*/
var request = require('request').defaults({jar: true}),
wikiUrl = "http://dev.wiki.local.wmftest.net:8080",
endPoint = wikiUrl + "/w/api.php";
// Step 1: GET request to fetch createaccount token
function getCreateAccountToken() {
var params_0 = {
action: "query",
meta: "tokens",
type: "createaccount",
format: "json"
};
request.get({ url: endPoint, qs: params_0 }, function (error, res, body) {
if (error) {
return;
}
var data = JSON.parse(body);
createaccount(data.query.tokens.createaccounttoken);
});
}
// Step 2: POST request with the fetched token and other data (user information,
// return URL, etc.) to the API to create an account
function createaccount(createaccount_token) {
var params_1 = {
action: "createaccount",
username: "your_username",
password: "your_password",
retype: "retype_your_password",
createreturnurl: wikiUrl,
createtoken: createaccount_token,
format: "json"
};
request.post({ url: endPoint, form: params_1 }, function (error, res, body) {
if (error) {
return;
}
console.log(body);
});
}
// Start From Step 1
getCreateAccountToken();
MediaWiki JS
/*
create_account.js
MediaWiki API Demos
Demo of `createaccount` module: Create an account on a wiki without the
special authentication extensions
MIT License
*/
var params = {
action: 'query',
meta: 'tokens',
type: 'createaccount',
format: 'json'
},
api = new mw.Api();
api.get( params ).done( function ( data ) {
var token = data.query.tokens.createaccounttoken,
params1 = {
action: 'createaccount',
username: 'your_username',
password: 'your_password',
retype: 'retype_your_password',
createreturnurl: 'http:' + mw.config.get( 'wgServer' ),
createtoken: token,
format: 'json'
};
api.post( params1 ).done( function ( data ) {
console.log( data );
} );
} );
Example 2: Process on a wiki with a CAPTCHA extension
Note the first step below could, if you'd rather, be done as two steps: one to fetch the fields available from API:Authmanagerinfo and another to fetch the token from API:Tokens.
First step: Fetch fields available from API:Authmanagerinfo and token from API:Tokens
api.php?
| ผล |
|---|
{
"batchcomplete": "",
"query": {
"authmanagerinfo": {
"canauthenticatenow": "",
"cancreateaccounts": "",
"preservedusername": "",
"requests": [
{
"id": "CaptchaAuthenticationRequest",
"metadata": {
"type": "image",
"mime": "image/png"
},
"required": "required",
"provider": "CaptchaAuthenticationRequest",
"account": "CaptchaAuthenticationRequest",
"fields": {
"captchaId": {
"type": "hidden",
"value": "16649214",
"label": "CAPTCHA ID",
"help": "This value should be sent back unchanged."
},
"captchaInfo": {
"type": "null",
"value": "/w/index.php?title=Special:Captcha/image&wpCaptchaId=16649214",
"label": "To help protect against automated account creation, please enter the words that appear below in the box ([[Special:Captcha/help|more info]]):",
"help": "Description of the CAPTCHA."
},
"captchaWord": {
"type": "string",
"label": "CAPTCHA",
"help": "Solution of the CAPTCHA."
}
}
}
...
]
},
"tokens": {
"createaccounttoken": "1de8d3f8023305742e69db9e16b4d5365bd82f9c+\\"
}
}
}
|
Second step: Send a post request along with a create account token, user information and return URL
api.php?
| ผล |
|---|
{
"createaccount": {
"status": "PASS",
"username": "Zane"
}
}
|
รหัสตัวอย่าง
Note this code sample separates the API:Authmanagerinfo and API:Tokens requests, and generally assumes there will be a CAPTCHA and no other complications.
| create_account_with_captcha.py |
|---|
#!/usr/bin/python3
"""
create_account_with_captcha.py
MediaWiki Action API Code Samples
Demo of `createaccount` module: Create an account on a wiki with a special
authentication extension installed. This example considers a case of a wiki
where captcha is enabled through extensions like ConfirmEdit
(https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:ConfirmEdit)
MIT license
"""
import requests
from flask import Flask, render_template, flash, request
S = requests.Session()
WIKI_URL = "https://test.wikipedia.org"
API_ENDPOINT = WIKI_URL + "/w/api.php"
# App config.
DEBUG = True
APP = Flask(__name__)
APP.config.from_object(__name__)
APP.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'enter_your_secret_key'
@APP.route("/", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def show_form():
""" Render form template and handle form submission request """
fields = get_form_fields()
captcha = fields['CaptchaAuthenticationRequest']
captcha_url = WIKI_URL + captcha['captchaInfo']['value']
captcha_id = captcha['captchaId']['value']
display_fields = []
user_fields = []
captcha_fields = []
for field in fields:
for name in fields[field]:
details = {
'name': name,
'type': fields[field][name]['type'],
'label': fields[field][name]['label']
}
if field != "CaptchaAuthenticationRequest":
user_fields.append(details)
else:
if name == 'captchaWord':
captcha_fields.append(details)
display_fields = user_fields + captcha_fields
if request.method == 'POST':
create_account(request.form, captcha_id)
return render_template('create_account_form.html', \
captcha=captcha_url, fields=display_fields)
def get_form_fields():
""" Fetch the form fields from `authmanagerinfo` module """
result = {}
response = S.get(url=API_ENDPOINT, params={
'action': 'query',
'meta': 'authmanagerinfo',
'amirequestsfor': 'create',
'format': 'json'
})
data = response.json()
query = data and data['query']
authmanagerinfo = query and query['authmanagerinfo']
fields = authmanagerinfo and authmanagerinfo['requests']
for field in fields:
if field['id'] in ('MediaWiki\\Auth\\UserDataAuthenticationRequest', \
'CaptchaAuthenticationRequest', 'MediaWiki\\Auth\\PasswordAuthenticationRequest'):
result[field['id']] = field['fields']
return result
def create_account(form, captcha_id):
""" Send a post request along with create account token, user information
and return URL to the API to create an account on a wiki """
createtoken = fetch_create_token()
response = S.post(url=API_ENDPOINT, data={
'action': 'createaccount',
'createtoken': createtoken,
'username': form['username'],
'password': form['password'],
'retype': form['retype'],
'email': form['email'],
'createreturnurl': 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/',
'captchaId': captcha_id,
'captchaWord': form['captchaWord'],
'format': 'json'
})
data = response.json()
createaccount = data['createaccount']
if createaccount['status'] == "PASS":
flash('Success! An account with username ' + \
form['username'] + ' has been created!')
else:
flash('Oops! Something went wrong -- ' + \
createaccount['messagecode'] + "." + createaccount['message'])
def fetch_create_token():
""" Fetch create account token via `tokens` module """
response = S.get(url=API_ENDPOINT, params={
'action': 'query',
'meta': 'tokens',
'type': 'createaccount',
'format': 'json'
})
data = response.json()
return data['query']['tokens']['createaccounttoken']
if __name__ == "__main__":
APP.run()
|
| create_account_form.html |
|---|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<title>MediaWiki Create Account</title>
<!-- CSS files are in here: https://github.com/srish/MediaWiki-Action-API-Code-Samples/tree/master/static -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="static/css/account_form.css">
<div class="container">
<h2>Create MediaWiki Account</h2>
<form method="POST">
<div class="form-group">
<div class="form-field">
<div class="label-field">Enter your username</div>
<input name="username">
</div>
<div class="form-field">
<div class="label-field">Password</div>
<input type="password" name="password">
</div>
<div class="form-field">
<div class="label-field">Confirm password</div>
<input type="password" name="confirm-password">
</div>
<div class="form-field">
<div class="label-field">Enter address (optional)</div>
<input name="email">
</div>
<div class="form-field">
<div class="label-field">Enter the text you see on the image below</div>
<input name="captcha-word">
</div>
<img src="{{ captcha }}">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Create your account</button>
</form>
<br>
{% with messages = get_flashed_messages(with_categories=true) %}
{% if messages %}
{% for message in messages %}
<div class="alert alert-info">
{{ message[1] }}
</div>
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
{% endwith %}
</div>
<br>
</div>
</div>
|
Example 3: Account creation on a wiki with a CAPTCHA, an OpenID extension, and a two-factor authentication extension enabled
First step: Fetch fields available from API:Authmanagerinfo and token from API:Tokens
The fetching of API:Authmanagerinfo and API:Tokens is largely the same as in the previous example, and so is not repeated here. The list of requests returned by API:Authmanagerinfo will include definitions for both the CAPTCHA extension and the OpenID extension.
ขั้นตอนที่สอง: ตอบ CAPTCHA และเลือก OpenID authentication
api.php?
| ผล |
|---|
{
"createaccount": {
"status": "REDIRECT",
"redirecttarget": "https://openid.example.net/openid-auth.php?scope=openid&response_type=code&client_id=ABC&redirect_uri=https://wiki.example.org/wiki/Special:OpenIDConnectReturn&state=XYZ123",
"requests": [
{
"id": "OpenIdConnectResponseAuthenticationRequest",
"metadata": {},
"required": "required",
"provider": "OpenID Connect at example.net",
"account": "",
"fields": {
"code": {
"type": "string",
"label": "OpenID Code",
"help": "OpenID Connect code response"
},
"state": {
"type": "string",
"label": "OpenID State",
"help": "OpenID Connect state response"
},
}
}
]
}
}
|
ลูกค้าควรจะเปลี่ยนเส้นทางเบราว์เซอร์ของผู้ใช้ไปยังที่จัดเตรียมไว้ redirecttarget
The OpenID provider would authenticate, and redirect to Special:OpenIDConnectReturn on the wiki, which would validate the OpenID response and then redirect to the createreturnurl provided in the first POST to the API with the code and state parameters added.
ไคลเอ็นต์ได้รับการควบคุมกระบวนการนี้กลับมาที่จุดนี้และทำให้คำขอ API ถัดไป
ขั้นตอนที่สาม: Back from OpenID
The client posts the code and state back to the API. The API's response has the two-factor authentication extension prompting the user to set up their second factor.
api.php?
| ผล |
|---|
{
"createaccount": {
"status": "UI",
"message": "Set up two-factor authentication",
"requests": [
{
"id": "TwoFactorAuthenticationRequest",
"metadata": {
"account": "Alice",
"secret": "6CO3 2AKV EP2X MIV5"
},
"required": "optional",
"provider": "",
"account": "",
"fields": {
"2FAInfo": {
"type": "null",
"label": "A bunch of text describing how to set up two-factor auth.",
"help": "Two-factor authentication setup instructions"
},
"code": {
"type": "string",
"label": "Code",
"help": "Two-factor authentication code"
}
}
},
{
"id": "MediaWiki\\Auth\\ButtonAuthenticationRequest:skip2FASetup",
"metadata": {},
"required": "optional",
"provider": "MediaWiki\\Auth\\ButtonAuthenticationRequest",
"account": "MediaWiki\\Auth\\ButtonAuthenticationRequest:skip2FASetup",
"fields": {
"skip2FASetup": {
"type": "button",
"label": "Skip",
"help": "Skip two-factor authentication setup"
}
}
}
]
}
}
|
ขณะนี้ลูกค้าจะแจ้งให้ผู้ใช้ตั้งค่าบัญชีใหม่ในแอปพลิเคชันการตรวจสอบสิทธิ์แบบสองปัจจัยและป้อนรหัสปัจจุบันหรืออนุญาตให้ผู้ใช้ข้ามการตั้งค่า 2FA สมมติว่าผู้ใช้ตั้งค่า 2FA ไว้
ขั้นตอนที่สี่: ตั้งค่าการตรวจสอบสิทธิ์แบบสองปัจจัย
api.php?
| ผล |
|---|
{
"createaccount": {
"status": "PASS",
"username": "Alice"
}
}
|
การสร้างบัญชีเสร็จสมบูรณ์แล้ว
หากการสร้างบัญชีไม่สำเร็จการตอบสนองด้วยสถานะ FAIL จะถูกส่งคืนพร้อมกับ ข้อความ เพื่อแสดงให้กับผู้ใช้
Possible errors
| รหัส | ข้อมูล |
|---|---|
| badtoken | Invalid create account token |
| notoken | The token parameter must be set. |
| mustpostparams | The following parameter was found in the query string, but must be in the POST body: createtoken. |
| missingparam | At least one of the parameters "createcontinue" และ "createreturnurl" is required. |
| authmanager-create-no-primary | เอกสารทางการที่ให้ไม่สามารถใช้สำหรับการสร้างบัญชีได้ |
| noemailcreate | คุณจำต้องใส่ที่อยู่อีเมลให้ถูกต้อง |
| invalidemailaddress | ไม่สามารถรับที่อยู่อีเมลได้ เพราะดูมีรูปแบบไม่ถูกต้อง
โปรดใส่ที่อยู่ให้มีรูปแบบถูกต้อง หรือเว้นช่องนั้น |
| badretype | รหัสผ่านที่คุณกรอกไม่ตรง |
| userexists | ชื่อผู้ใช้ที่กรอกมีผู้ใช้แล้ว
กรุณาเลือกชื่ออื่น |
| captcha-createaccount-fail | แคปท์ชาไม่ถูกต้องหรือยังไม่ได้กรอก |
| acct_creation_throttle_hit | Visitors to this wiki using your IP address have created num accounts in the last day, which is the maximum allowed in this time period.
As a result, visitors using this IP address cannot create any more accounts at the moment. If you are at an event where contributing to Wikimedia projects is the focus, please see Requesting temporary lift of IP cap to help resolve this issue. |
บันทึกเพิ่มเติม
- การสร้างบัญชีจะถูกบันทึกเป็น Special:log/newusers
หากคุณลงชื่อเข้าใช้ระบบจะบันทึกชื่อผู้ใช้ของคุณเมื่อสร้างบัญชี
- While executing the code snippets provided on this page, remember:
- Once an account on a wiki is created, it cannot be deleted.
- Always use
https://test.wikipedia.org/w/api.phpas the endpoint, so that you don't accidentally create accounts on production wikis.
- MediaWiki site administrators and extension developers can disable this API feature by inserting the following line in the configuration file:
$wgAPIModules['createaccount'] = 'ApiDisabled';