Extension:Math
![]() Release status: stable |
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Implementation | Tag |
Description | Allows to render mathematical formulas |
Author(s) |
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Latest version | continuous updates |
Compatibility policy | Snapshots releases along with MediaWiki. Master is not backward compatible. |
MediaWiki | >= 1.43 |
Database changes | Yes |
Tables | math mathoid mathlatexml |
License | GNU General Public License 2.0 or later |
Download | |
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<math> |
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Quarterly downloads | 157 (Ranked 36th) |
Public wikis using | 7,934 (Ranked 18th) |
Translate the Math extension if it is available at translatewiki.net | |
Issues | Open tasks · Report a bug |
The Math extension provides support for rendering mathematical formulae. An overview of what can currently be done with this extension is available at m:Help:Displaying a formula.
More information about installing and configuring this extension, including for older versions, can be found at Extension:Math/advancedSettings .
Installation
[edit]- Download and move the extracted
Math
folder to yourextensions/
directory.
Developers and code contributors should install the extension from Git instead, using:cd extensions/
git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/mediawiki/extensions/Math - Add the following code at the bottom of your LocalSettings.php file:
wfLoadExtension( 'Math' );
- Run the update script which will automatically create the necessary database tables that this extension needs.
- To see math beyond a plain text output, follow instructions below for enabling various math output modes.
- If you have problems for represent formulas when trying to use RESTBase, you can try using the following patch
Done – Navigate to Special:Version on your wiki to verify that the extension is successfully installed.
Vagrant installation:
- If using Vagrant , install with
vagrant roles enable math --provision
You should additionally go to the page Special:MathStatus to see whether all of the components of the Math extension now work. For any problems you see, the best option is to create a task on https://phabricator.wikimedia.org
Unfortunately, there is no well tested guide on installing Mathoid and RESTBase to work with the Math extension, but there is at least a working draft. Extension:Math/RESTBase please contribute.
In addition, there is a Guide for Installing and Setting up MediaWiki with RESTBase and Mathoid in MW1.28.
Usage
[edit]Once installed, you write use formulas using TeX markup syntax inside the <math>
tag. For example:
<math>E=mc^2</math>
Renders as:
Viewing math
[edit]The type of output depends on the software that you use to read the page. If it can, the Math extension outputs MathML. Otherwise, it outputs images in SVG (converting characters to <path> elements) or PNG. Basic math support works for all browsers. But, for best results, you might need to change your settings:
- For Firefox or other Gecko browsers, install the Native MathML extension and math fonts.
The NVDA, VoiceOver, and Orca screen readers provide accessibility support. To read mathematics, NVDA needs the MathPlayer plugin. - For Safari or other WebKit browsers, you can also install math fonts and enable native MathML rendering by inserting some CSS rules into the custom style sheet of your browser.
The VoiceOver screen reader provides accessibility support. The Orca screen reader does not do so yet. - For Chrome, you must insert some CSS rules into the custom style sheet of your browser to get accessibility support with the ChromeVox screen reader or visual rendering with the MathJax plugin.
Configuration settings
[edit]Setting name | Default value | Description |
---|---|---|
$wgMathValidModes | [ 'source', 'mathml' ]
|
Defines the mode allowed on the server. |
$wgMathDisableTexFilter | 'never'
|
Option to disable the tex filter. If set to true any LaTeX expression is parsed this can be a potential security risk. If set to false only a subset of the TeX commands is allowed. See the wikipedia page Help:Math for details. Use "always" to disable this feature. |
$wgMathFullRestbaseURL | false | The math extension gets the default config from the Visual Editor, if available. Details. |
$wgMathPreferRestbaseURL | true | Whether to allow using of internal RESTBase path instead of $wgMathFullRestbaseURL and $wgVisualEditorFullRestbaseURL. Set false if you want to use external RESTBase in any case. |
Math output modes
[edit]The setting $wgMathValidModes holds an array with the names of output modes that can be used for rendering. If multiple modes are enabled, logged-in users can set a personal preference in the appearance pane of their user preferences page.
You can also use the $wgDefaultUserOptions setting to set which of these modes should be the default, e.g.:
$wgDefaultUserOptions['math'] = 'mathml';
Mathoid
[edit]Mode: 'mathml'
You can use Mathoid, an application that uses MathJax on the server side to convert texvc input to MathML+SVG rendering. This is the most recommended option; Mathoid is the Math rendering mode used on Wikipedia.
Mathoid as a service
[edit]"Mathoid as a service" is the recommended approach for the Math extension, and the default one. If you do not add any additional settings to LocalSettings.php, Math will use the Beta cluster's Mathoid and RESTBase services to do all math formula rendering. The default settings are:
// Set MathML as default rendering option
$wgDefaultUserOptions['math'] = 'mathml';
$wgMathUseInternalRestbasePath = false;
$wgMathFullRestbaseURL = 'https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_';
$wgMathMathMLUrl = 'https://mathoid-beta.wmflabs.org';
You can modify these settings to use different Mathoid and RESTBase services, potentially including your own.
Mathoid's CLI interface
[edit]You can instead run Mathoid as a command-line utility on the local server. To use this approach, the following settings are recommended:
// Set MathML as default rendering option
$wgDefaultUserOptions['math'] = 'mathml';
// Please create a config.yaml in advance. Templates are in the Mathoid repository.
$wgMathoidCli = ['/path/to/mathoid/cli.js', '-c', '/path/to/mathoid/config.yaml'];
// Raise MediaWiki's memory limit to 1.2G for mathoid.
$wgMaxShellMemory = 1228800;
Mathoid cli '/path/to/mathoid/cli.js' is not executable
in the error log, you can run the following to make sure that the Apache server allows to change system limits:
setsebool -P httpd_execmem 1 setsebool -P httpd_setrlimit 1
LaTeX
[edit]MediaWiki version: | ≤ 1.39 |
Mode: 'png'
Since MediaWiki 1.32, this mode will also require a Mathoid server to work. In older versions, it requires installing texvc and texvccheck, which may require the most setup work.
LaTeXML
[edit]Mode: 'latexml'
Uses the LaTeXML utility. The rendering is done via an online service (set with $wgLaTeXMLUrl, which has a default value of https://latexml.formulasearchengine.com/convert).
Native MathML
[edit]MediaWiki version: | ≥ 1.40 |
Mode: 'native'
This mode will generate MathML from LaTeX via PHP without Mathoid. Note this mode does not have image fallback, so formulas will only be displayed correctly if the browser supports MathML. Firefox and Safari introduced MathML support early (2006 and 2008), but support in Chromium-based browsers is a much more recent addition (Chrome 109, released in 2023).
MathJax
[edit]MediaWiki version: | ≥ 1.42 |
Mode: 'mathjax'
This mode works the same as Native MathML mode (generating MathML from LaTeX via PHP), but it will use MathJax 3 to render MathML. Therefore it will work for browsers that do not have MathML support, with the overhead of loading MathJax library (bundled in Math extension) on page views.
No rendering
[edit]Mode: 'source'
This mode will forward the Latex input without rendering, presenting it in a <span>
element, surrounded by $ :formula $.
Make sure to set $wgMathDisableTexFilter to 'always' (see below) if you only want the raw latex formula, else an error will appear due to the failed check for PNG depictions.
Tracking categories
[edit]The extension creates a number of tracking categories to detect errors and deprecated features.
Their message keys begin with math-
.
Administrators may change a tracking category's name in a wiki by editing the message's value in that wiki's MediaWiki namespace.
Special:TrackingCategories shows each tracking category's name, message key, and description.
MediaWiki page | Default | Description |
---|---|---|
MediaWiki:Math-tracking-category-error | Category:Pages with math errors | Pages where there is a syntax error in the formula causing the rendering to fail |
MediaWiki:Math-tracking-category-render-error | Category:Pages with math render errors | Pages where there has been a temporary error in the rendering pipeline causing the rendering to fail. These normally fix themselves |
MediaWiki:Math-tracking-category-texvc-deprecation | Category:Pages that use a deprecated format of the math tags | Pages which use deprecated texvc syntax like $ % \and \or \part \ang \C \H \bold \Bbb\ \pagecolor , which should be replaced by more standard LaTeX \$ \% \land \lor \partial \angle \Complex \mathbb{H} \mathbf \mathbb (removed) respectively. See Extension:Math/Roadmap .
|
MediaWiki:Math-tracking-category-mhchem-deprecation | Category:Pages that use a deprecated format of the chem tags |
Deprecated chemical markup, see Extension:Math/Roadmap#Step 1 Part C: Manual fixing of mhchem syntax. |
Tips and tricks
[edit]- You can use the Firefox MathML copy addon to copy formulae to other applications such as Microsoft Word (video), or Google docs with the g(Math) plugin (video)
- You can override the user preferred and default rendermode by adding the
forcemathmode
attribute to the<math>
element. e.g. to force an image being rendered<math forcemathmode="png">...</math>
. - All images of rendered formula are stored in a cache and not automatically recreated if the page is viewed or edited. To force the re-rendering of all formulas of a page, purge using the
?action=purge&mathpurge=true
action. For example the URL https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integral&action=purge&mathpurge=true will force re-rendering of the w:Integral article. Afterwards you need to bypass your browser cache so that the new created images of the formulas are actually downloaded.
Error reporting
[edit]If something is wrong with the math extension you can report that at Phabricator. In addition you should check how your problem relates to the automated unit tests that are generated from the page CoverageTest.
Further reading
[edit]See Extension:Math/advancedSettings for old versions and further information.
Subpages
[edit]- Math/Announcement
- Math/Bug:T363081
- Math/CoverageTest
- Math/CustomizationHook
- Math/Displaystyle
- Math/Help:Formula
- Math/Hooks/MathAfterTexvc
- Math/Hooks/MathFormulaPostRender
- Math/Hooks/MathFormulaRendered
- Math/Hooks/MathRenderingResultRetrieved
- Math/Inputtypes
- Math/MathJaxMenu
- Math/MathJax testing
- Math/Popups
- Math/RESTBase
- Math/Roadmap
- Math/T140217
- Math/T167569
- Math/T1835557
- Math/T183559
- Math/T218295
- Math/T247697
- Math/T305613
- Math/T317065
- Math/T32215
- Math/T325625
- Math/T334842
- Math/T350004
- Math/T350737
- Math/T366983
- Math/T86450
- Math/T87007
- Math/TeX-header
- Math/Unique Ids
- Math/Url2Image
- Math/Wikibooks-20160516
- Math/additionalAnnotationTypes
- Math/advancedSettings
- Math/annotation.js
- Math/bug/35189
- Math/bug/38641
- Math/bug/48032
- Math/bug/49210
- Math/bug/54818
- Math/bug/69554
- Math/bug/75285
- Math/chemrm
- Math/math table
- Math/mathlatexml table
- Math/mathoid table
- Math/modifyMenu.js
- Math/newFeatures
See also
[edit]- Extension:Math/Roadmap
- Mathoid
- Extension:SimpleMathJax - an alternative way to provide support for rendering mathematical formulas on-wiki, without texvc or LaTeX
- Texvc PHP Alternative
- Manual:Enable TeX/problems
- Manual:Math
![]() | This extension is being used on one or more Wikimedia projects. This probably means that the extension is stable and works well enough to be used by such high-traffic websites. Look for this extension's name in Wikimedia's CommonSettings.php and InitialiseSettings.php configuration files to see where it's installed. A full list of the extensions installed on a particular wiki can be seen on the wiki's Special:Version page. |
![]() | This extension is included in the following wiki farms/hosts and/or packages: This is not an authoritative list. Some wiki farms/hosts and/or packages may contain this extension even if they are not listed here. Always check with your wiki farms/hosts or bundle to confirm. |
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